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However, thanks to Joan of Arc, the siege of Orleans was lifted in 1429.

 

 The name the Hundred Years’ War has been used by historians since the beginning of the nineteenth century to describe the long conflict that the kings and kingdoms of France and England against each other from 1337 to 1453. ① The French kings, possessing the financial and military resources of the most populous and powerful state in western Europe, held the advantage over the smaller, more sparsely populated English kingdom. ② However, the expeditionary English army, well disciplined and successfully using their longbows to stop cavalry charges, proved repeatedly victorious over much larger French forces. ③ The end of the conflict was never marked by a peace treaty but died out because the English recognized that the French troops were too strong to be directly confronted. ④ France, at last free of the English invaders, resumed its place as the dominant state of western Europe. ⑤

 

정답 : ③

원문 : Hundred Years’ War